Table 1. Summary of major research findings.
| Author and year of publication (ref.) | Major finding related to epidemiology and transmission |
Major finding related to clinical features and Diagnosis |
Major finding related to therapeutic options |
|---|---|---|---|
| CDC, 1999 (8,9) | First outbreak report of Nipah. Transmission to pig abattoir workers. | Serology is cross reactive to Hendra. | -- |
| Reynes et al, 2005 (4); Wacharapluesadee et al. 2005 (5) | Presence of NiV in bats. | -- | -- |
| Mounts et al, 2001 (13) | No human to human and nosocomial transmission for the Malaysian strain of NiV causing Malaysia-Singapore outbreaks. | -- | -- |
| Goh et al, 2000 (19) | -- | Predominantly neurological symptoms and no significant r espi r a tory symp toms in Malaysian strain of NiV. | -- |
| Chadha et al, 2006 (17); Arunkumar et al, 2018 (53) | Strong evidence of human to human transmission for the Bangladesh strain of NiV causing Bangladeshi and Indian outbreaks. | S i g n i f i c a n t r e s p i r a t o r y involvement leading to ARDS in Bangladesh strain of NiV. | -- |
| Luby et al, 2006 (14); Rahaman et al, 2012 (15) | Date palm s ap consumpt ion contaminated by bat excreta and saliva is a significant risk factor for transmission. | -- | -- |
| Chong et al, 2001 (33) | -- | Serology is cross reactive to Hendra. | Ribavirin can substantially reduce mor tal i ty (36%) without any significant adverse reactions. |
| Wright et al, 2005 (29); Aljofan et al, 2009 (30) | -- | -- | In vitro activity of ribavirin on halting the replication of NiV in cell cultures. |
| Bossart et al, 2009 (38); Bossart et al, 2011 (39) | -- | -- | Role of monoclonal antibody m102.4 in preventing transmission and halting disease progression among animal model of ferrets and African green monkey. |
| Dawes et al, 2018 (40) | -- | Respiratory involvement and higher mortality in Bangladesh strain, compared to Malaysia strain. | Promising role of favipiravir in protecting NiV infected animals (hamster model). |