Table 2.
Frequency Specific Effects of PEMF on cytokines and growth factors associated with RA.
| Authors | Frequency (Hz) | Field strength (mT) | Time of exposure | Outcomes (in vitro?) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gomez-Ochoa et al. (26) | 50/60 | 15 | 15 min/day/days 7, 8, 9 | Significantly decreased IL-1β and TNF-α, while increasing IL-10 in human fibroblasts |
| Ongaro et al. (96) | 75 | 1.5 | 24 h | Inhibited release of PGE2, and IL-1β and IL-6 production, while stimulating release of IL-10 in synovial fibroblasts |
| Ross and Harrison (75) | 5.1 | 0.04 | 1 h | Inhibited production of TNF-α and NF-kB in macrophages |
| Tang et al. (105) | 15 | 1 | 6 h | Significantly decreased production of IL-1α and IL-6 in vertebral joint cells |
| Vincenzi et al. (94) | 75 | 1.5 | 24 h | Inhibited NF-kB activation, and decreased the production of IL-6 and PGE2 in chondrocytes |
PEMF, pulsed electromagnetic field; Hz, Hertz; mT, milliTesla; h, hour; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL, interleukin; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa B.