Table 2.
Distribution of allostatic load and CKD outcomes stratified by categories of sleep duration
| Characteristica | No. included (% of JHS) | Overall N = 5177 | Sleep duration |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very short ≤5 hours n = 1286 | Short 6 hours n = 1521 | 7–8 hours n = 2085 | Long ≥9 hours n = 285 | |||
| Allostatic load | ||||||
| z-scores | ||||||
| All domains | 5177 (97.7) | 0 ± 0.44 | 0.01 ± 0.43 | -0.02 ± 0.45 | 0.01 ± 0.44 | 0.07 ± 0.43 |
| Neuroendocrine | 5074 (98.0) | 0 ± 1.00 | -0.01 ± 1.05 | -0.06 ± 0.95 | 0.01 ± 0.99 | 0.23 ± 1.09 |
| Metabolic | 5177 (100) | 0 ± 0.59 | 0.02 ± 0.60 | -0.02 ± 0.57 | 0.01 ± 0.59 | -0.04 ± 0.62 |
| Autonomic | 5177 (100) | 0 ± 0.69 | 0.02 ± 0.70 | -0.01 ± 0.70 | -0.01 ± 0.67 | 0.03 ± 0.73 |
| Immune | 5105 (98.6) | 0 ± 0.81 | -0.01 ± 0.67 | -0.01 ± 0.93 | 0.02 ± 0.83 | 0.05 ± 0.63 |
| Biological measures | ||||||
| Cortisol, mmol/l | 5074 (95.7) | 9.9 ± 4.1 | 9.8 ± 4.3 | 9.6 ± 3.9 | 9.9 ± 4.1 | 10.8 ± 4.5 |
| HBA1c, % | 4980 (93.9) | 6.0 ± 1.3 | 6.0 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 6.0 ± 1.3 | 6.1 ± 1.4 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 5027 (94.8) | 125.9 ± 36.5 | 125.9 ±37.2 | 125.2 ±35.8 | 127.0 ±36.3 | 122.0 ±38.2 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 5072 (95.7) | 51.6 ± 14.6 | 51.8 ± 15.2 | 51.3 ± 14.4 | 51.4 ± 14.3 | 53.3 ± 15.3 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 5072 (95.7) | 198.7 ± 39.9 | 199.0 ± 40.6 | 197.3 ± 38.4 | 199.6 ± 40.4 | 197.2 ± 41.1 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 5175 (97.6) | 100.7 ± 16.2 | 102.2 ± 16.8 | 100.2 ± 16.0 | 100.1 ± 15.9 | 100.0 ± 15.6 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 5169 (97.5) | 127.5 ± 16.8 | 127.3 ± 16.8 | 127.1 ± 16.5 | 127.5 ± 16.8 | 129.3 ± 19.0 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 5169 (97.5) | 75.8 ± 8.8 | 76.0 ± 9.0 | 75.8 ± 8.9 | 75.6 ± 8.4 | 75.1 ± 9.4 |
| Resting heart rate, beats per minute | 5165 (97.4) | 64.5 ± 10.6 | 64.8 ± 10.8 | 64.4 ± 10.7 | 64.2 ±10.3 | 65.1 ± 11.2 |
| CRP, median [IQR], mg/dl | 5078 (95.8) | 0.26 [0.11, 0.56] | 0.27 [0.11, 0.58] | 0.25 [0.10, 0.55] | 0.26 [0.11, 0.57] | 0.30 [0.14, 0.61] |
| WBC, 1000 cells/cmm | 4586 (86.5) | 5.6 ± 2.1 | 5.6 ± 1.9 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 5.7 ± 2.5 | 5.8 ± 1.7 |
| CKD outcomes | ||||||
| Baseline eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 5109 (96.4) | 94.2 ± 21.9 | 94.8 ± 22.4 | 95.2 ± 21.2 | 94.0 ± 21.5 | 87.9 ± 25.4 |
| Baseline ACR, median [IQR], mg/g | 3259 (61.5) | 6 [4, 12] | 6 [4, 13] | 6 [4, 11] | 6 [4, 13] | 7 [5, 18] |
| Events | ||||||
| Prevalent CKD at baseline, n (%) | 3373 (63.6) | 656 (12.7) | 176 (13.7) | 168 (11.0) | 253 (12.1) | 59 (20.7) |
| Annual eGFR decline | 3658 (69.0) | 1.27 ± 1.97 | 1.23 ± 2.01 | 1.16 ± 1.84 | 1.36 ± 2.04 | 1.35 ± 1.88 |
| Incident CKD at follow-up, n (%) | 2028 (38.3) | 250 (12.3) | 76 (3.7) | 57 (2.8) | 107 (5.3) | 10 (0.5) |
ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; JHS, Jackson Heart Study; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; WBC, white blood cells.
a
Values are mean ± SD unless stated otherwise.