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. 2019 Feb 7;12(3):488–501. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.003

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Drug Replacement Revealed Key Signaling Pathways Involved in Chemical Reprogramming

(A–C) Among core drugs, replacing SB431542 with its functional analog A-8301 (A) or Repsox (B) yielded similar numbers of reprogrammed neurons (87% ± 4% for A-8301 and 89% ± 6% for Repsox replacement group) (C). Immunostaining of NEUN was performed 14 days after the start of drug treatment.

(D–F) Replacing LDN193189 with its functional analog DMH 1 (D) or Dorsomorphin (E) resulted in similar conversion efficiency (70% ± 5% for DMH 1 and 97% ± 1% for Dorsomorphin) (F).

(G–I) Replacing CHIR99021 with its functional analog ARA014418 (G) or SB216763 (H) yielded less numbers of neurons (57% ± 4% for ARA014418 and 76% ± 3% for SB216763) (I).

(J–L) Replacing DAPT with its functional analog BMS906024 (J) or RO4929097 (K) also achieved similar conversion efficiency (81% ± 1% for BMS906024 and 95% ± 5% for RO4929097) (L).

(M–O) Replacing the four core drugs (M) with their corresponding functional analogs RDSRo (N, SB431542 replaced by Repsox, LDN193189 by Dorsomorphin, CHIR99021 by SB216763, and DAPT by RO4929097) resulted in lower reprogramming efficiency (66% ± 16%) (O).

∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA followed with Dunnett's multiple comparison test. Data are represented in means ± SEM. N = 3 batches. Scale bar, 50 μm.