Figure 1.

Treatment with EP80317 protects mice from scorpion envenomation. (A–H) C57BL/6 mice were injected with a lethal dose of TsV (180 μg/kg, i.p.) and treated with vehicle (PBS) or EP80317 (0.289 μmol/kg, i.p.) at 0.5 and 2 h after the venom injection. Lungs were removed immediately after death or at 8 h after venom injection. BALF was collected from a different set of animals under the same condition. (A) Lung weight, (B) Lung total protein concentration, (C) BALF total leukocyte counts, (D) BALF neutrophil counts, (E) IL-1β levels, (F) NO levels, (G) PGE₂ levels, and (H) LTB₄ levels. The experiment was conducted once with six mice per group. Differences were evaluated with one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multi-comparison test. (I,J) C57BL/6 mice were injected with a (I) lethal (180 μg/kg, i.p.) or (J) excessive (superdose; 360 μg/kg, i.p.) dose of TsV and treated with vehicle (PBS) or EP80317 (0.289 μmol/kg, i.p.) 0.5 and 2 h after the venom injection. Survival was monitored for 8 h. The experiment was performed once with six mice per group, and the log-rank test was used to analyze significant differences. Data represent mean ± SDs, and significance is given by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.