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Effects of transport stress on serum cortisol in lactating cows. Serum cortisol was measured for the pre-transport (−24 h), transport (1, 2, 4 h), and post-transport (+2, +24, +48 h). NTG, non-transported group; TG, transported group. ■ ● : Represent the significant difference (p<0.05) in the data after transport periods compared with pre-transport (−24 h). Asterisks mean significant difference between NTG and TG (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001).
