Table 1.
Summary of selected articles.
| Author | Individuals | Intervention | Time after Intervention and Bone Evaluation Methods |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balanta-Melo et al. 2018 [62] | Adult male BALB/c mice (8–9 weeks-old) | Experimental group: 0.2 U BoNT/A in the right masseter and saline solution in the left masseter Control group: without intervention |
2 weeks; 3D bone parameters from mandibular condyle and alveolar process, and shape analysis of mandibular condyle using microCT |
| Dutra et al. 2018 [63] | Young adult female C57BL/6J mice (6 weeks-old) | Experimental group: 0.3 U BoNT/A in the right masseter and no intervention in the left masseter Control group: without intervention |
4 weeks; 3D bone parameters using microCT, BMD and histomorphometry from mandibular condyle |
| Shi et al. 2018 [64] | Young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (5 weeks-old) | Experimental group: 2 U BoNT/A bilateral in both masseter muscles Control group: without intervention |
4 weeks; 3D bone parameters using microCT and histomorphometry from mandibular condyle |
| Balanta-Melo et al. 2018 [51] | Adult male BALB/c mice (8 weeks-old) | Experimental group: 0.2 U BoNT/A in the right masseter and saline solution in the left masseter | 2 weeks; bone histomorphometry and mRNA quantification from mandibular condyle |
| Aziz et al. 2017 [5] | Adult woman (55 years-old) | 140 U BoNT/A quarterly in the left masseter | Morphology of the mandibular condyle (qualitative description) using diagnostic imaging (Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging) |
| Lee et al. 2017 [8] | Adult men and women (28–48 years-old) | Experimental group I: 25 U BoNT/A bilaterally in the masseter muscles Experimental group II: 25 U BoNT/A bilaterally in the masseter muscles; repetition 4 months after the first intervention |
6 months after first intervention; evaluation of bone volume in the mandibular angle using CBCT |
| Kün-Darbois et al. 2017 [65] | Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (18 weeks-old) | Experimental group: 1 U BoNT/A unilaterally in the masseter and temporalis muscles Control group: unilateral injection of saline solution in the masseter and temporalis muscles |
4 weeks; 3D bone parameters using microCT of mandibular condyles |
| Dutra et al. 2016 [66] | Young adult female transgenic mice (Col10a1) on a CD-1 background (5 weeks-old) | Experimental group: 0.3 U BoNT/A in the right masseter and no intervention in the left masseter | 4 weeks; 3D bone parameters using microCT, BMD and histomorphometry of mandibular condyles |
| Matthys et al. 2015 [67] | Adult New Zeland white female rabbits (5 months-old) | Experimental group: 10 U BoNT/A unilateral in the masseter muscle Control group: unilateral injection of saline solution in the masseter muscle |
4 weeks and 12 weeks; bone histomorphometry of mandibular condyles |
| Kün-Darbois et al. 2015 [68] | Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (18 weeks-old) | Experimental group: 1 U BoNT/A unilateral in the masseter and the temporalis muscles Control group: unilateral injection of saline solution in the masseter and the temporalis muscles |
4 weeks; 2D analysis of microCT slices from mandibular condyles and alveolar bone |
| Raphael et al. 2014 [69] | Adult women (Mean age 45 years-old) | Exposed group: Adult women with myofascial pain exposed to BoNT/A for treatment. No dose of BoNT/A reported. Unexposed group: Adult women with myofascial pain with no previous exposure to BoNT/A |
CBCT 6-10 weeks after exposure to BoNT/A intervention |
| Rafferty et al. 2012 [70] | Adult New Zeland white female rabbits (5 months-old) | Experimental group: 10 U BoNT/A unilateral in the masseter muscle Control group: unilateral injection of saline solution in the masseter muscle |
4 weeks and 12 weeks; 2D and 3D evaluation using microCT of mandibular condyles and alveolar bone |
| Chang et al. 2011 [71] | Adult women | Bilateral injection of 120 U BoNT/A in both masseter muscles | 3 months; 3D analysis of cortical thickness of the mandibular ramus using CT |
| Tsai et al. 2010 [72] | Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks-old) | Experimental group: 7.5 U BoNT/A in the left masseter and saline solution in the right masseter | 3 months; Linear measurements and BMD of mandibles 2D histomorphometry of slices at first molar and coronoid levels |
BoNT/A, Botulinum toxin type A; BMD, Bone Mineral Density; U, Mouse Units; CT, computerized tomography; CBCT, cone-beam computerized tomography; 2D, two dimensional; and 3D, three dimensional.