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. 2019 Feb 17;9(2):281. doi: 10.3390/nano9020281

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Lignin structural elements assigned to the respective cross-peaks in the 2D NMR spectra: syringyl (S), guaiacyl (G), p-hydroxyphenyl (H), coniferyl aldehyde (CA), sinapyl aldehyde (SA), p-coumaric acid (pCA), ferulic acid (FA), alfafuran (AF) and chlorophorin (CP, CP′) units; β-O-4′ (A) and γ-acylated β-O-4′ (A′) substructures, β-5′ phenylcoumaran (B), β-β′ resinol (C), dibenzodioxocin (D) and benzyl ether (BE) substructures.