Figure 3.
Mean proportion of successfully eclosing honey bee adults with deformed wings that as white-eyed pupae had been inoculated with a control solution (virus-free extract of bees), DWV-A inoculum, DWV-B inoculum, or simultaneously DWV-A and DWV-B inocula; virus-inoculated bees more frequently eclosed with wing deformities (mean 83%) than control bees (mean 23%; GLMM; χ2 = 36.202, p < 0.001), but the probability of wing deformation did not differ between virus-inoculated treatments (Tukey post hoc pairwise comparisons, all p > 0.05); ***, p < 0.001.