. 2019 Feb 20;9(2):297. doi: 10.3390/nano9020297

Table 3.

Comparison of different graphene-based electrode for protein/nucleic acid detection.

Electrode Materials	Target	Linear Range	Detection Limit	Ref.
Graphene Oxide/probe DNA	HIV-1 gene (cDNA)	1 pM–1 μM	0.11 pM	[70]
Reduced graphene nanowalls	dsDNA	0.1 fM–10 mM	9.4 zM	[71]
Graphene oxide modified iron Oxide/chitosan/probe DNA	Escherichia coli Ο157:¨Η7 gene (cDNA)	10 fM–1 μM	10 fM	[72]
Screen-printed carbon/reduced graphene oxide/Carboxy-methyl-cellulose/probe DNA	p53 tumor suppressor gene (cDNA)	10 nM–0.1 μM	2.9 nM	[73]
Nitrogen-doped graphene/Au nanoparticles/probe DNA	multidrug resistance gene	10 fM–100 nM	3.12 fM	[77]
Fe3O4 Nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide	HIV-1 gene (cDNA)	10 aM–100 pM	-	[78]
Glassy carbon/reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole–3–carboxylic acid	Breast cancer 1 gene	1 pM–0.1 μM	0.3 pM	[79]
Gold nanorods/graphene/ hairpin-shaped DNA aptamer	Carcinoembryonic antigen	5 pg·mL⁻¹–50 ng·mL⁻¹	1.5 pg·mL⁻¹	[75]
Graphene quantum dot-ionic liquid-nafion/hairpin aptamer	Carcinoembryonic antigen	0.5 fg·mL⁻¹–0.5 ng mL⁻¹	0.34 fg·mL⁻¹	[80]
Graphene/glassy carbon/aptamer	Carcinoembryonic antigen	80 ag·mL⁻¹–950 fg·mL⁻¹	80 ag·mL⁻¹	[81]
Glassy carbon/graphene oxide methylene blue/Antibody	White spot syndrome virus	1.36 × 10⁻³–10⁷ copies·µL⁻¹	10³ copies·µL⁻¹	[76]
Graphene-wrapped copper oxide/cysteine	E. coli O157:H7	10 CFU·mL⁻¹–10⁸ CFU·mL⁻¹	3.8 CFU·mL⁻¹	[82]
Gold/reduced graphene oxide/polyethylenimine	E. coli	10 CFU·mL⁻¹–10⁴ CFU·mL⁻¹	10 CFU·mL⁻¹	[83]