Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses for potential risk factors for RVFV seropositivity in veterinarians and associated professions (AHCWs) in the study area of South Africa during 2015–2016.
| Variables 1 | RVFV Seropositive n/N (%) | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (CI95%) | p-Value (<0.2) | Odds Ratio (CI95%) | p-Value (<0.05) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| 16–49 | 1/98 (1.0%) | 1 (base) | - | 1 (base) | - |
| 50–63 | 6/22 (27.3%) | 92.5 (7.2–1196) | 0.001 | 92.5 (7.16–1196) | 0.001 |
| ≥64 | 2/7 (28.6%) | 166 (7.2–3916) | 0.002 | 167 (7.08–3916) | 0.002 |
| Working as AHCW (years) | Eliminated | ||||
| ≤40 | 1/85 (1.2%) | 1 (base) | - | ||
| 41–50 | 5/22 (22.7%) | 62.4 (2.07–1886) | 0.018 | ||
| ≥51 | 4/15 (26.7%) | 65.4 (3.9–1110) | 0.004 | ||
| Job description | |||||
| Animal health tech | 2/37 (5.4%) | 1 (base) | - | 1 (base) | - |
| Veterinarian | 6/66 (9.1%) | 1.75 (0.40–7.57) | 0.450 | 0.11 (0.01–1.72) | 0.116 |
| Other (incl. vet nurse, researcher, wildlife capturers) 3 | 2/19 (10.5%) | 2.06 (0.28–15.03) | 0.473 | 0.74 (0.05–11.01) | 0.825 |
| Activities in past | |||||
| Cleaning waste | Eliminated | ||||
| Yes | 9/83 (10.8%) | 3.4 (0.7–16.6) | 0.137 | ||
| No | 2/55 (3.6%) | 1 (base) | - | ||
| Working with hoofed animals | Eliminated | ||||
| <1 h | 3/67 (4.5%) | 1 (base) | - | ||
| Half day | 3/37 (8.1%) | 1.7 (0.3–9.7) | 0.548 | ||
| Whole day | 5/34 (14.7%) | 3.6 (0.7–17.3) | 0.110 | ||
| Contact with RVF positive animals in the past | Eliminated | ||||
| Yes | 9/82 (11.0%) | 5.1 (0.7–38.6) | 0.112 | ||
| No | 1/40 (2.5%) | 1 (base) | - | ||
| Taking measures against mosquito bites | Eliminated | ||||
| Yes | 4/84 (4.8%) | 0.4 (0.1–1.6) | 0.193 | ||
| No | 7/54 (13.0%) | 1 (base) | - | ||
| Drinking milk | Eliminated | ||||
| Yes | 8/125 (6.4%) | 0.18 (0.03–0.98) | 0.047 | ||
| No | 3/13 (23.1%) | 1 (base) | - | ||
| Conditions | |||||
| On chronic medication | Eliminated | ||||
| Yes | 5/43 (11.6%) | 2.6 (0.7–9.8) | 0.170 | ||
| No | 6/95 (6.3%) | 1 (base) | |||
| Chronic liver disease | Eliminated | ||||
| Yes | 1/2 (50%) | 11.8 (0.6–229) | 0.102 | ||
| No | 10/136 (7.4%) | 1 (base) | - | ||
1 The variables with univariable p-value < 0.2 were included in the multivariable analysis. The variables with multivariable p-value < 0.05 were kept in the multivariable model. 2 Eliminated means that the variable was first included in the model and then it was omitted due to the fact that its p-value in the model was ≥ 0.05. 3 Sex was not significant by univariable analysis (p ≥ 0.2). Sex was not considered as potential confounder and sexes were equally distributed in veterinary professionals.