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G quartets and G quadruplexes. (A) A G quartet. Four G bases form a planar tetrad stabilised by Hoogsteen bonding and a central monovalent metal ion. (B–D) Basic forms of the G quadruplex. (B) A tetramolecular G4. (C) A bimolecular G4. (D) Three conformations of unimolecular G4 with different backbone arrangements, parallel, anti-parallel and mixed.
