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. 2019 Feb 1;11(2):62. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020062

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of Hepes buffer (HB), the unstructured surfactant formulation (TG), the unstructured surfactant formulation with the same Ibuprofen (IBU) concentration (TG-Ibu), and TW20-Gly loaded with IBU (NioIbu) on the time spent licking the capsaicin-injected paw. Samples were injected subcutaneously in the dorsal surface of the hind paw 120 min before capsaicin injection. *** is for P < 0.001 versus TG. N = 10.