Table 2.
Effects of diets contaminated with AFB1 1 on serum biochemical, antioxidant, and immune indices in dairy cows.
| Item 2 | Control | AFB20 | AFB40 | SEM | p Value 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT (U/L) | 29.75 | 26.00 | 26.38 | 1.02 | 0.26 |
| AST (U/L) | 72.75 | 79.14 | 75.88 | 3.65 | 0.80 |
| GGT (U/L) | 43.09 | 38.06 | 37.84 | 2.39 | 0.61 |
| ALP (U/L) | 90.31 | 96.56 | 68.33 | 15.83 | 0.76 |
| TP (g/L) | 37.53 | 41.64 | 39.30 | 1.15 | 0.54 |
| ALB (g/L) | 36.44 | 35.46 | 36.95 | 0.62 | 0.64 |
| GLOB (g/L) | 3.10 | 3.03 | 3.18 | 1.22 | 0.42 |
| Urea (mmol/mL) | 71.13 | 69.29 | 65.50 | 0.10 | 0.84 |
| CR (μmol/L) | 25.85 | 40.86 | 34.01 | 1.62 | 0.35 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 11.05 | 9.58 | 10.98 | 3.37 | 0.20 |
| TBil (μmol/L) | 2.28 | 2.03 | 2.39 | 0.57 | 0.53 |
| DBil (μmol/L) | 8.78 | 7.54 | 8.59 | 0.09 | 0.32 |
| IBiL (μmol/L) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.50 | 0.59 |
| TG (mmol/mL) | 6.03 | 6.60 | 6.57 | 0.00 | 0.83 |
| TC (mmol/mL) | 3.10 | 3.03 | 3.18 | 0.24 | 0.56 |
| GSH-PX (U/mL) | 760.5 | 714.0 | 683.25 | 37.8 | 0.71 |
| MDA (nmol/mL) | 6.61 a | 10.74 a | 13.17 b | 1.01 | 0.02 |
| SOD (U/mL) | 113.03 a | 109.02 a | 106.17 b | 1.04 | 0.01 |
| SOD/MDA | 18.49 a | 11.43 b | 9.91 b,c | 1.3 | 0.01 |
| T-AOC (U/mL) | 0.74 a | 2.96 b | 4.15 b,c | 0.39 | <0.01 |
| IgG (μg/mL) | 13.12 | 11.91 | 12.7 | 1.03 | 0.90 |
| IgA (μg/mL) | 59.43 | 51.86 | 52.32 | 2.87 | 0.50 |
| IgM (μg/mL) | 22.4 | 23.64 | 22.24 | 1.24 | 0.89 |
1 Control group (AFB1 null); AFB20 group (20 μg/kg in the total mixed ration); and AFB40 group (40 μg/kg in the total mixed ration). 2 ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; GLOB, globulin; A/G, albumin/globulin; CR, creatinine; UA, uric acid; TBil, total bilirubin; DBil, direct bilirubin; IBiL, indirect bilirubin; TG, total triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; GSH-PX, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity; SOD, superoxide dismutase; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgM, immunoglobulin M. 3 Probability associated with the F-test of treatment differences. abc Means in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05 or 0.01), as determined with Tukey’s test.