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. 2019 Jan 31;11(2):129. doi: 10.3390/v11020129

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Human adenovirus Inverted Terminal Repeats (116–209 bases) embed replication protein-binding motifs within 88 bases: “Core origin”, NF-I (Nuclear Factor I), and NF-III. Host transcription factors NF-I and NF-III enable adenovirus replication in human cells. The first recorded host-adapted HAdV-E4 (Human adenovirus type 4) ITR (inverted terminal repeats) is arrayed along the top (V0014/France/1978), contrasted against differences in motifs from SAdVs (simian adenoviruses) (lavender) and prototype-like HAdV-E4 (green). Dots indicate conserved bases. Recent host-adapted HAdV-E4 isolates (blue), including five isolates from Ft. Jackson, spanning six years, and 10 recent Hong Kong isolates (red) contain these motifs and are nearly indistinguishable from motifs from HAdV respiratory pathogens (yellow). The majority of HAdVs possess these motifs (black), with the most divergent being HAdV-D19.