Table 4.
Effect of repeated oral administration of TTX on urine color, clarity, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, blood/hemoglobin, bilirubin, and urobilinogen from mice after 28 days of TTX dosage by oral gavage. Analytic parameters are expressed as mean ± SEM, except for the dose of 75 µg/kg, where results represent the mean (n = 2).
| Group/Analyzed Parameters | Control (n = 5) | 25 µg/kg TTX (n = 3) | 75 µg/kg TTX (n = 2) | 125 µg/kg TTX (n = 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Color | Pale yellow/ pale yellow/ amber/ pale yellow/ amber | Dark yellow/ pale yellow/ pale yellow | Dark yellow/ amber | Dark yellow/ amber/ dark yellow |
| Turbidity | Clear/ clear/ slightly cloudy/ slightly cloudy/ clear | Clear/ clear/ clear | Cloudy/ cloudy | Cloudy/ cloudy/ cloudy |
| Specific Gravity | >1050/1020/1032/ >1050/1020 | >1050/ >1050/1026 | >1050/ >1050 | >1050/ >1050/ >1050 |
| Urine protein (g/L) | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 3 | 1 ± 0.2 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 0 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 3 | 7.7 ± 4.7 |
| Ketones (mmol/L) | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 1 ± 0.5 |
| Blood/haemoglobin (Ery/µL) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bilirubin (µmol/L) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Urobilinogen (µmol/L) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52.3 ± 17.7 |