Table 2.

Some important oxidative damage products.

Macromolecule	Oxidative Damage	Damage Products
Lipids	Lipid oxidation/peroxidation	Malondialdehyde (MDA) Lipid peroxide, (lipid endoperoxides and lipid hydroperoxides) 8-Isoprostane 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)
Proteins	Protein Oxidation, protein cross linkage, Oxidative modification of amino acids	Protein carbonyl compounds, 3-Nitrotyrosine (product of ROS-mediated nitration of tyrosine), 2-oxohistidine, hydroxyproline etc.
DNA	RNA/DNA fragmentation (single and double-strand breaks) Modification of base, sugar	8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-G)