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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 11.
Published in final edited form as: Gerontology. 1998;44(5):281–287. doi: 10.1159/000022027

Table 1.

Mean (± SD) scores for age, education, GDS and MMSE, health, diagnoses, medications for cognitively impaired, depressed, mixed, and control groups

Cognitive impaired Depressed Mixed Controls
Age 87.5 ± 5.7a 84.4 ± 8.3 84.2 ± 10.6 79.2 ± 13.3
Education 11.5 ± 2.5 11.9 ± 3.0 10.7 ± 3.0 10.7 ± 2.5
Health 7.6 ± 2.0d 6.6 ± 1.9 8.3 ± 2.3e 9.5 ± 2.4e
Diagnoses 5.3 ± 2.4 6.5 ± 2.2 6.1 ± 3.8 5.9 ± 2.1
Medications 4.3 ± 3.0 6.4 ± 2.4a 5.0 ± 3.4 5.0 ± 3.6
MMSE 18.6 ± 3.lb 24.9 ± 1.8 18.8 ± 2.4b 25.7 ± 2.6c
GDS 6.0 ± 2.3 14.6 ± 4.1c 16.1 ± 4.9c 4.5 ± 2.5b
a

Compared to controls, p < 0.05.

b

Compared to depressed, p < 0.0001.

c

Compared to cognitively impaired, p < 0.0001.

d

Compared to controls, p < 0.001.

e

Compared to depressed, p < 0.001.