Table 3.

Baseline characteristics of included studies

First author	Gender, % male	Average age, years (±SD)	Average duration of diabetes, years (±SD)	Baseline A1C, % (±SD)
Abduelkarem14	46	51 (11.3)	9 (3.6)	—
Jahangard-Rafsanjani15	40	56.6 (8.7)	5.2 (5)	7.6 (1.6)
Mehuys16	52.4	62.7	—	7.5
Bluml12	42.8	54.1 (11.1)	—	9.0*
Fera17	51	82% of participants >50	—	7.5
Pinto18	—	—	—	7.14 (1.56)
Poulose19	—	64 (10)	8 (6)	71% of participants >7

—, Not reported.

^*Inclusion criterion was A1C >7%.