Fig. 3.

Aerobic fed-batch cultivation in 1-L bench-top fermenters of S. cerevisiae ST938 using an exponential feeding ramp at D = 0.05 h⁻¹ with the limiting substrate a carbon, or b phosphorus. Black circles refer to biomass titer, red squares to 3-HP titer and blue dashed line to the absolute amount of glucose fed to the reactors