Table 2.

Cultivation parameters of S. cerevisiae ST938 grown in continuous cultures at a dilution rate of 0.04 h⁻¹ under carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limited conditions

	Chemostat [0.04 h−1]
	C-limitation	N-limitation	P-limitation
YX/S (g mol−1)	78.4 ± 0.6	72.4 ± 0.5	75.2 ± 1.9
YEtOH/S (mol mol−1)	0.09 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01
YGly/S (mol mol−1)	0.03 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.00
Y3-HP/S (mol mol−1)	0.33 ± 0.03	0.36 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.01
Y3-HP/S (%C-mol)	16.6 ± 1.7	17.7 ± 1.9	21.1 ± 1.8
Y3-HP/X (g gCDW−1)	0.43 ± 0.04	0.44 ± 0.05	0.50 ± 0.01
qS (mmol gCDW−1 h−1)	0.51 ± 0.13	0.61 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.01
qGly (mmol gCDW−1 h−1)	0.01 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.00
qEtOH (mmol gCDW−1 h−1)	0.05 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01
q3-HP (mmol gCDW−1 h−1)	0.17 ± 0.06	0.22 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.01
Glcres (mM)	0.07 ± 0.00	0.63 ± 0.13	0.19 ± 0.03
PO4res (mM)	n.a.	n.a.	b.d.
NH4res (mM)	n.a.	b.d.	n.a.

Errors correspond to the standard deviations derived from triplicate cultivations. The C-limitation data were taken from Table 1 for simplicity of comparison

Y yield, q rate, X biomass, S substrate (glucose), EtOH ethanol, Gly glycerin, 3-HP 3-hydroxypropionic acid, Glc_res residual glucose, PO_4res residual phosphate, NH_4res residual ammonium, n.a. not applicable, n.d. not determined, b.d. below detection limit