Table 1.
Prevalence of Stage A HF cardiovascular risk factors in Southeast Asian nations compared with the United Kingdom and United States of America (from the World Health Organization Global Status Report 2014)
| Country | World Bank Income Group Classification | Prevalence in population aged 18+ years (crude adjusted estimates with 95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| insufficient physical activity | Current tobacco smokinga | Overweightb | Raised blood glucosec | Raised blood pressured | ||
| Brunei | High | — | 15.8 (6.7–26.6) | 47.8 (40.7–54.3) | 11.2 (5.1–17.1) | 19.3 (12.4–26.3) |
| Cambodia | Low | 9.7 (8.7–10.8) | 21.3 (16.0–27.5) | 16.4 (12.7–20.2) | 6.8 (3.6–10.3) | 24.4 (17.8–30.9) |
| Indonesia | Lower middle | 22.8 (18.0–28.1) | 36.5 (29.9–45.3) | 24.4 (19.9–28.9) | 8.0 (4.0–11.8) | 23.3 (17.7–29.1) |
| Laos | Lower middle | 9.0 (7.4–10.8) | — | 16.6 (13.1–20.6) | 6.4 (3.4–9.4) | 24.1 (18.3–30.4) |
| Malaysia | Upper middle | 51.6 (46.3–56.8) | 23.6 (17.2–30.7) | 37.3 (31.9–42.6) | 9.9 (5.5–14.2) | 22.1 (16.4–27.8) |
| Myanmar | Low | 9.0 (7.4–10.9) | 22.6 (15.6–29.7) | 17.4 (13.4–21.2) | 6.3 (2.8–9.5) | 23.7 (17.7–30.4) |
| Philippines | Lower middle | 14.4 (3.3–42.2) | 27.0 (21.5–32.3) | 22.3 (18.1–26.6) | 6.0 (2.7–9.2) | 22.1 (16.2–28.2) |
| Singapore | High | 33.7 (31.3–36.1) | 15.6 (12.6‐19.6) | 34.6 (30.1–38.9) | 9.8 (6.1–13.9) | 14.1 (10.0–17.9) |
| Thailand | Upper middle | 14.6 (13.4–16) | — | 31.6 (26.7–36.7) | 10.9 (6.3–15.5) | 21.3 (15.8–26.9) |
| Vietnam | Lower middle | 23.6 (16.2–32.5) | 24.3 (19.8–29.5) | 20.4 (16.2‐24.6) | 6.0 (3.1–8.9) | 22.2 (16.3–28.3) |
| United Kingdom | High | 40.0 (38.6–41.4) | 19.9 (16.2–23.5) | 66.7 (63.4–70.3) | 10.1 (6.9–13.7) | 15.2 (11.9–18.6) |
| United States of America | High | 35.0 (32.5–37.6) | 18.0 (14.9–21.1) | 69.6 (66.0–73.5) | 10.5 (6.6–13.9) | 13.4 (10–17.1) |
a
In the population aged 15+ years.
b
Body mass index ≥25 kg/m2.
c
Fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or on medications for raised blood glucose or with history of diabetes.
d
Systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg.