Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| HHF (n = 1475) | CHF (n = 670) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 61 (53–69) | 57 (46–64) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 70 years, % | 22.9 | 12.4 | <0.0001 |
| Females, % | 30.4 | 35.8 | 0.010 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 29.4 (26.5–33.2) | 27.7 (24.2–31.2) | <0.0001 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, % | 46.9 | 33.2 | <0.0001 |
| Smoker (current/ever), % | 61.0 | 51.8 | <0.0003 |
| Female smokers, % | 5.0 | 6.0 | 0.441 |
| Initial symptoms and evaluation | |||
| NYHA class III/IV | 92.3 | 30.9 | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 130 (110–150) | 120(110–133) | <0.0001 |
| HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 100 (90–114) | 90 (80–100) | <0.0001 |
| EF (%), median (IQR) | 36 (30–45)a | 40 (30–46)b | 0.020 |
| EF > 45% | 22.0 | 25.6 | 0.170 |
| Atrial fibrillation % | 24.3 | 24.8 | 0.870 |
| Haemoglobin gm/dL median (IQR) | 12 (11–13) | 11 (10–12) | <0.0001 |
| Haemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dL, % | 42.3 | 62.9 | <0.0001 |
| Medical history | |||
| Prior HF without previous hospitalization, % | 43.4 | 34.5 | <0.001 |
| MI | 67.6 | 41.6 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 45.4 | 31.8 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension, % | 43.5 | 40.8 | 0.250 |
| Renal dysfunction, % | 17.6 | 13.4 | 0.020 |
| COPD, % | 14.8 | 13.3 | 0.400 |
| Prior stroke/TIA, % | 7.7 | 5.1 | 0.030 |
| PAD, % | 5.3 | 7.5 | 0.060 |
| Hepatic dysfunction, % | 9.2 | 5.4 | 0.004 |
| Primary aetiology | |||
| Ischaemic | 68.1 | 41.0 | <0.0001 |
| DCM | 15.5 | 24.6 | |
| Valvular | 7.7 | 17.5 | |
| Hypertension | 3.7 | 9.7 | |
| Other | 5.0 | 7.2 |
BMI, body mass index; CHF, chronic heart failure patients; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; EF, ejection fraction; HHF, hospitalized heart failure patients; HR, heart rate; IQR,interquartile range; NYHA, New York Heart Association; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
a
Availale for 1076 patients.
b
Available in 391 patients