Table 4.

Comparison between hospitalized patients with heart failure in Egypt and other countries participating in ESC‐HF long‐term registry (other regions)

	Egypt (n = 1475)	Other regions (n = 6131)	P‐value
Age (years), median (IQR)	61 (53–69)	73 (63–80)	<0.0001
Age ≥ 70 years, %	22.9	59.6	<0.0001
SBP (mmHg), median (IQR)	130(110–150)	130(112–150)	0.650
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR)	29.4 (26.5–33.2)	27.2 (24.4–30.5)	<0.0001
BMI ≥ 30, %	46.9	28.5	<0.0001
Females, %	30.4	39.2	<0.0001
EF (%), median (IQR)	36 (30–45)	40 (30–54)a	0.0035
EF > 45%, %	22.0	35.7	<0.0001
Atrial fibrillation %	24.3	48.4	<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus, %	45.4	36.9	<0.0001
Hypertension, %	43.5	70.8	<0.0001
Renal dysfunction, %	17.6	27.6	<0.0001
Hepatic dysfunction, %	9.2	7.4	0.030
COPD, %	14.8	21.1	<0.0001
Prior stroke/TIA, %	7.7	13.4	<0.0001
PAD, %	5.3	16.7	<0.0001
Smoker (current/ever), %	61.0	47.0	<0.0001
Haemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dL, %	42.3	39.3	0.080
Primary aetiology			<0.0001
Ischaemic, %	68.1	52.8
Hypertension, %	3.7	9.8
DCM, %	15.5	12.8
Valvular	7.7	13.2
Other	5.0	10.9
Hospital presentation			<0.0001
ACS/HF, %	20.5	12.5
Cardiogenic shock, %	3.2	2.9
Decompensated HF, %	54.3	63.2
Pulmonary edema, %	12.9	13.1
Hypertensive HF, %	4.5	5.3
Right HF, %	4.5	3.0
In‐hospital mortality, %	5.0	4.6	0.670
Devices, %	1.5	18.6	<0.0001
Medications, %
ACE/ARBs, %	85.5	74.8	<0.0001
Beta blockers, %	65.8	76.2	<0.0001
MRAs, %	68.2	50.8	<0.0001
Diuretics, %	93.0	90.3	0.0018
Digitalis, %	36.1	22.1	<0.0001

ACE, ACE inhibitors; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; EF, ejection fraction; HF, heart failure; MRA, mineraloreceptor blocker; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischemic attack.

^aAvailable for 3709 patients.