Table 4.
Comparison between hospitalized patients with heart failure in Egypt and other countries participating in ESC‐HF long‐term registry (other regions)
| Egypt (n = 1475) | Other regions (n = 6131) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 61 (53–69) | 73 (63–80) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 70 years, % | 22.9 | 59.6 | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 130(110–150) | 130(112–150) | 0.650 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 29.4 (26.5–33.2) | 27.2 (24.4–30.5) | <0.0001 |
| BMI ≥ 30, % | 46.9 | 28.5 | <0.0001 |
| Females, % | 30.4 | 39.2 | <0.0001 |
| EF (%), median (IQR) | 36 (30–45) | 40 (30–54)a | 0.0035 |
| EF > 45%, % | 22.0 | 35.7 | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation % | 24.3 | 48.4 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 45.4 | 36.9 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension, % | 43.5 | 70.8 | <0.0001 |
| Renal dysfunction, % | 17.6 | 27.6 | <0.0001 |
| Hepatic dysfunction, % | 9.2 | 7.4 | 0.030 |
| COPD, % | 14.8 | 21.1 | <0.0001 |
| Prior stroke/TIA, % | 7.7 | 13.4 | <0.0001 |
| PAD, % | 5.3 | 16.7 | <0.0001 |
| Smoker (current/ever), % | 61.0 | 47.0 | <0.0001 |
| Haemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dL, % | 42.3 | 39.3 | 0.080 |
| Primary aetiology | <0.0001 | ||
| Ischaemic, % | 68.1 | 52.8 | |
| Hypertension, % | 3.7 | 9.8 | |
| DCM, % | 15.5 | 12.8 | |
| Valvular | 7.7 | 13.2 | |
| Other | 5.0 | 10.9 | |
| Hospital presentation | <0.0001 | ||
| ACS/HF, % | 20.5 | 12.5 | |
| Cardiogenic shock, % | 3.2 | 2.9 | |
| Decompensated HF, % | 54.3 | 63.2 | |
| Pulmonary edema, % | 12.9 | 13.1 | |
| Hypertensive HF, % | 4.5 | 5.3 | |
| Right HF, % | 4.5 | 3.0 | |
| In‐hospital mortality, % | 5.0 | 4.6 | 0.670 |
| Devices, % | 1.5 | 18.6 | <0.0001 |
| Medications, % | |||
| ACE/ARBs, % | 85.5 | 74.8 | <0.0001 |
| Beta blockers, % | 65.8 | 76.2 | <0.0001 |
| MRAs, % | 68.2 | 50.8 | <0.0001 |
| Diuretics, % | 93.0 | 90.3 | 0.0018 |
| Digitalis, % | 36.1 | 22.1 | <0.0001 |
ACE, ACE inhibitors; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; EF, ejection fraction; HF, heart failure; MRA, mineraloreceptor blocker; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
a
Available for 3709 patients.