Table 2.
Comparing various cephalometric parameters between cases and controls and between the obese and the nonobese obstructive sleep apnea patient
| Parameter | Mean±SD (95%CI) | P | Mean±SD (95%CI) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Obese OSA | Nonobese OSA | |||
| X-ray lateral cephalometry | ||||||
| Hyoid mandibular distance (mm) | 20.35±4.17 (19.02-21.68) |
8.25±0.87 (7.97-8.53) |
<0.001 | 21.90±3.31 (20.35-23.45) |
18.80±4.43 (16.73-20.87) |
0.017 |
| Soft palate length (mm) | 47.35±4.17 (46.02-48.68) |
35.12±1.32 (34.70-35.55) |
<0.001 | 48.80±3.19 (47.31-50.29) |
45.90±4.59 (43.75-48.05) |
0.026 |
| Mandibular length (mm) | 90.05±3.99 (88.77-91.33) |
112.05±1.84 (111.46-112.64) |
<0.001 | 88.70±4.32 (86.68-90.72) |
91.40±3.20 (89.90-92.90) |
0.031 |
| Lower anterior facial height (mm) | 73.78±5.52 (72.01-75.54) |
74.68±5.24 (73.00-76.35) |
0.457 | 72.60±5.88 (69.85-75.35) |
74.95±5.01 (72.61-77.29) |
0.182 |
| Facial axis angle (°) | 99.82±5.15 (98.18-101.47) |
100.62±4.26 (99.26-101.99) |
0.451 | 100.05±6.29 (97.10-103.00) |
99.60±3.84 (97.80-101.40) |
0.786 |
| MRI variables | ||||||
| Soft palate length (mm) | 47.32±4.12 (46.01-48.64) |
35.12±1.32 (34.70-35.55) |
<0.001 | 48.70±3.15 (47.23-50.17) |
45.95±4.58 (43.81-48.09) |
0.033 |
| Tongue length (mm) | 74.18±4.74 (72.66-75.69) |
71.50±3.72 (70.31-72.69) |
0.006 | 75.65±4.17 (73.70-77.60) |
72.70±4.92 (70.40-75.00) |
0.048 |
| Retropalatal distance (mm) | 4.05±0.99 (3.73-4.37) |
8.10±0.59 (7.91-8.29) |
<0.001 | 4.10±1.21 (3.53-4.67) |
4.00±0.73 (3.66-4.34) |
0.753 |
| Retroglossal distance (mm) | 13.35±1.33 (12.92-13.78) |
17.30±0.72 (17.07-17.53) |
<0.001 | 13.15±1.59 (12.40-13.90) |
13.55±0.99 (13.08-14.02) |
0.349 |
| Submental fat (mm) | 14.12±1.68 (13.59-14.66) |
9.15±0.95 (8.85-9.45) |
<0.001 | 14.45±1.50 (13.75-15.15) |
13.80±1.82 (12.95-14.65) |
0.226 |
SD: Standard deviation, CI: Confidence interval, OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea, MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging