Table 1. Patient characteristics. Plasma samples were collected from 40 consecutive patients (Pt.) that were scheduled for a resection of 3 or more Couinaud liver segments [19]. As the decision to use vascular inflow occlusion and thus induce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was made during surgery on the basis of the operative course, patients were non-randomly assigned to either the I/R group (N = 27) or the control group (N = 13). The cumulative ischemia time was reached by continuous (-c) or intermittent (-i) occlusion of the afferent hepatic blood vessels [21].

Pt.	Gender	Age	Diagnosis	I/R	Cumulative ischemia time [min]	Resected segments [Couinaud]
1	M	46	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	50-i	I − IV
2	F	57	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	No	-	II − IV
3	F	49	Hepatocellular adenoma	Yes	50-i	V − VIII
4	M	57	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	50-i	I + V – VIII + part IV
5	F	65	Proximal cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	43-i	I − IV
6	M	69	Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	56-i	I − IV
7	F	67	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	20-c	I − IV
8	M	26	Metastasized melanoma	Yes	65-i	I − IV
9	F	33	Focal nodular hyperplasia	No	-	II − IV
10	M	65	Colorectal liver metastases	Yes	40-c	VII − VIII*
11	M	62	Chronic sclerosing cholangitis	No	-	II − IV
12	M	53	Hepatocellular carcinoma	No	-	II − IV
13	M	70	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	42-i	V − VIII
14	M	58	Hepatocellular carcinoma	No	-	V − VIII
15	M	63	Colorectal liver metastases	Yes	120-i	II − IV + wedge IV + VII
16	F	75	Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	No	-	I − IV
17	M	71	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	No	-	I + V − VIII + part IV
18	F	46	Hepatocellular adenoma	Yes	52-c	II + V + part VIII
19	M	56	Colorectal liver metastases	Yes	76-i	V − VIII
20	M	76	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	39-i	I − IV
21	F	71	Chronic/recurring cholangitis	Yes	24-c	V − VIII
22	M	68	Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	26-i	II − IV
23	F	72	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	68-i	I − IV
24	M	18	Hepatoblastoma	No	-	II − IV
25	M	68	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	93-i	I − IV + part VIII
26	M	46	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	68-i	V − VIII
27	F	63	Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	No	-	I − IV
28	M	36	Chronic/recurring cholangitis	No	-	II − IV
29	M	70	Colorectal liver metastases	Yes	46-i	V − VIII + part IV
30	M	67	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	20-c	V − VIII
31	M	66	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	72-i	VII − VIII + I
32	F	54	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes	43-i	II − IV
33	F	76	Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	33-c	II − IV
34	F	70	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	No	-	I − IV
35	M	78	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	30-c	V − VIII + I
36	M	65	Colorectal liver metastases	No	-	V − VIII
37	M	75	Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma	No	-	V − VIII
38	M	66	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	68-i	I − IV
39	M	43	Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	Yes	25-c	V – VIII + I
40	M	65	Colorectal liver metastases	Yes	68-i	I – IV + wedges V/VI/VIII

* Patient 10 had a segment VII-VIII resection of colorectal liver metastases. Although less than 3 segments were resected, the patient was included in the analysis because the 40 min of continuous ischemia used during surgery likely induced substantial I/R injury.