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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 11.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Psychiatry. 2016 Oct;77(10):1420–1427. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09440

Table 1.

Clinical Characteristics and lifetime comorbidities of the follow-up sample: Bipolar Disorder and Controls (N=149)

Controls
(n=81)		 BPD
(n=68)		 Test statistics, p-value
Demographics Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
Age 19.2 ± 2.5 20.1 ± 3.1 t=−2.0, p=0.05
Socioeconomic status 1.9 ± 1.0 2.5 ± 1.1 z=−3.4, p=0.0006
N (%) N(%)
Sex (male) 48 (59) 42 (62) χ2 =1.0, p=0.76
Parental History of SUD 38 (47) 51 (75) χ2 =12.1, p<0.001
 
Comorbidity(ies)
Multiple Anxiety Disorders 7 (9) 22 (32) χ2=13.3, p<0.001
ADHD 16 (20) 52 (76) χ2 =47.9, p<0.001
Conduct Disorder 12 (15) 43 (63) χ2 =37.2, p<0.001
Oppositional Defiant Disorder 13 (16) 63 (93) χ2 =86.8, p<0.001