Table 3.
Clinical Characteristics and lifetime comorbidities of Individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BPD) without (−) and with (+) Substance Use Disorders
| BPD-SUD (n=33) |
BPD + SUD (n=35) |
Test statistics, p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
| Age | 18.7 ± 2.9 | 21.3 ± 2.8 | t=−3.8, p=0.0004 |
| Socioeconomic status (SES) | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | z=−1.5, p=0.14 |
| N (%) | N(%) | ||
| Sex (male), % | 20 (61) | 22 (63) | χ2 =0.04, p=0.85 |
| Parental History of SUD | 24 (73) | 27 (77) | χ2 =0.18, p=0.67 |
| Parental History of MDD | 23 (72) | 30 (86) | χ2 =1.9, p=0.16 |
| Parental History of BPD | 10 (31) | 10 (29) | χ2 =0.06, p=0.81 |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Total BPD Symptom Count | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 6.3 ± 1.2 | t=−1.4, p=0.16 |
| BPD Episodes | 24.8 ± 39.8 | 30.6 ± 48.6 | t=−0.6, p=0.60 |
| N(%) | N(%) | ||
| BPD onset in adolescence | 5 (15) | 9 (26) | χ2=1.2, p=0.3 |
| MDD onset in adolescence | 5 (15) | 11 (31) | χ2 =2.5, p=0.1 |
| Conduct Disorder | 5 (15) | 19 (54) | χ2 =17.0, p<0.001 |
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 14 (42) | 23 (66) | χ2 =3.71, p=0.05 |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| IQ | 102.4 ± 14.3 | 102.1 ± 11.2 | t=0.09, p=0.92 |
| N(%) | N(%) | ||
| Repeated a Grade | 5 (15) | 10 (292) | χ2 =1.78, p=0.18 |
| Special Class | 22 (67) | 21 (60) | χ2 =0.32, p=0.57 |
| Extra Help | 25 (76) | 27 (77) | χ2 =0.02, p=0.89 |
Abbreviations used: MDD=major depressive disorder