Figure 3.

Selection of tricuspid valve regurgitation parameters. (A) Is a 3D colour flow full-volume acquisition of severe TR and demonstrates the flow convergence, vena contracta and jet expansion upwards into the RA (left image) and the en face view of the flow convergence viewed from the RV aspect (right image). The regurgitant orifice is an irregular elliptical shape. (B) Continuous wave Doppler profile of severe tricuspid regurgitation, demonstrating a triangular low velocity jet. In this setting, estimation of RV systolic pressures will be underestimated due to rapid pressure equalization between RA and RV. (C) Depicts systolic flow reversal, seen in severe tricuspid regurgitation, during hepatic vein flow interrogation. (D) 3D echo format, X-plane, where orthogonal planes in 2D are imaged simultaneously. The vena contracta (red arrows) is longer in the left view and highlights an elliptical regurgitant orifice, confirming the findings in image A. (E) Shows multiplane reconstruction format of the 3D vena contracta and measurement of the vena contracta area and demonstrates massive TR VC area 95 mm². VC, vena contracta.