Table 1.

Checklist for right heart chamber assessment in tricuspid regurgitation.

Parameters		Normal values (cut-off)
RV dimensions	Proximal RVOT (and views)
	PLAX view AV PSAX view	≤30 mm ≤35 mm
	Distal RVOT (AV PSAX view)	≤27 mm
	RV dimensions (RV focused A4C view)
	Base  Longitudinal  Mid cavity	≤41 mm ≤83 mm ≤35 mm
RA dimensions	RA indexed volume (RV focused A4C view)
	♂ ♀	<25 ± 7 mL/m2 <21 ± 6 mL/m2
RV function	TAPSE (focused A4C view)	≥17 mm
	Lateral wall S′ TDI (focused A4C view)	≥9.5 cm/s
	Fractional area change (focused A4C view)	≥35%
	3D echo
	Indexed systolic/diastolic volumes*
	♂ ♀ RVEF	27 ± 8.5 mL/m2 / 61 ± 13 mL/m2 22 ± 7 mL/m2 / 53 ± 10.5 mL/m2 58% ± 6.6, where abnormal <45%
	Septal and lateral wall global longitudinal strain	>20–23% (absolute values)
Additional parameters	Eccentricity index	>1.2
	Myocardial performance index	Limited use in severe TR
	Diastolic function parameters (TV inflow E and A velocities, E/A ratio, Lateral wall E′ TDI)	Limited use in severe TR
Magnetic resonance imaging
RV dimensions	RV systolic/diastolic indexed volumes* mL/m2
	♂ ♀	39 (±10 NR 19–59)/<91 (±15 NR 61–121) 32 (±10 NR 12–52)/<80 (±48 NR 19–59)
RV function	RVEF
	♂ ♀	62% (±5 NR 52–72) 61% (±6 NR 51–71)

*Where RV volumes and RVEF cannot be calculated with echo or MRI techniques, alternative imaging modalities include CT or radionuclide ventriculography.

3D, three-dimensional; A4C, apical four chamber; AV PSAX, parasternal short axis view at the aortic valve level; PLAX, parasternal long axis; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; TAPSE, tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging; TV, tricuspid valve; ♂, males; ♀, females.