Table 1.

The characteristics of the nine enrolled studies.

Study	Year	Ethnicity	Design	Intervention of GLP-1/DPP-4 inhibitor type	Duration of interventions	N (total)	Number of men (%)	Mean age (year)	Mean baseline HbA1c (%)	Mean BMI (kg/m2)	Mean baseline weight (kg)	Mean duration of diabetes (year)
Ahren et al. (15)	2016	Caucasians	Double-blindRCT	I: LiraglutideC: Placebo	26 weeks	831	382 (46)	43.2	8.08	28.9	83.9	21
Mathieu et al. (16)	2016	Caucasians	Double-blindRCT	I: LiraglutideC: Placebo	52 weeks	1389	663 (48)	43.6	8.16	29.5	86.1	21.4
Dejgaard et al. (17)	2016	Caucasians	Double-blindRCT	I: LiraglutideC: Placebo	24 weeks	100	65 (65)	48.0	8.70	30.0	93.7	22.5
Kuhadiya et al. (18)	2016	Caucasians	Double-blindRCT	I: LiraglutideC: Placebo	12 weeks	63	28 (44)	44.8	7.61	28.8	84.8	24
Garg et al. (19)	2013	Caucasians	Double-blindRCT	I: SaxagliptinC: Placebo	16 weeks	125	68 (54	38.0	8.40	27.5	82	21
Hari Kumar et al. (26)	2013	Asians	Open-label RCT	I: Exenatide/saxagliptinC: No additional drugs	12 months	18	13 (72)	27.7	9.70	21.5	57.3	0.11
Zhao et al. (27)	2014	Asians	Open-label RCT	I: SaxagliptinC: No additional drugs	12 months	30	18 (60)	47.4	6.45	23.4	NA	1.4
Frandsen et al. (28)	2015	Caucasians	Double-blindRCT	I: LiraglutideC: Placebo	12 weeks	36	24 (66)	37.8	8.75	23.5	75.4	18.95
Frandsen et al. (29)	2017	Caucasians	Double-blindRCT	I: LiraglutideC: Placebo	12 weeks	17	12 (71)	36.9	8.86	24.1	77.2	20.9

BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; NA, not available.