Fig. 2.

(A) The 3′ RACE assay on transcripts generated from in vitro transcription of the entire gal operon (lanes 1–4) and from the gal transcripts generated in vivo (lane 5). The in vitro transcription was performed in the presence of Rho (100 nM), NusA (100 nM), or NusG (100 nM). The horizontal arrows and numbers indicate the position of the 3′ ends of the gal transcripts from the transcription initiation site (+1 in Fig. 1A). The RIT signal 4315 and RDT signal 4409 were shown in cyan and orange, respectively. See SI Appendix, Supplementary Materials and Methods for in vitro transcription reaction conditions. GATC are the DNA sequencing ladders. (B) The 3′ RACE assay on transcripts generated in WT and the RIT² mutant. The experiments were performed in Δgal and ΔgalΔrnb strains, respectively. In the Δrnb strain, the gene encoding RNase II is deleted.