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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Res. 2018 Nov 30;37(1):94–103. doi: 10.1002/jor.24167

Figure 6. Quantitative Ambulatory Assessment Data.

Figure 6.

(A) Nicotine group demonstrates decreased rate of loading at 21 days post-injury. (B) Assessment of ground reaction forces reveals that the nicotine group has decreased braking force but increased propulsion force. (C) The speed of the injured left hindlimb is decreased in the nicotine group at the late healing stage. (D) Increased medial-lateral stride width demonstrates that the nicotine rats ambulated with a wider stance. The decreased anterior-posterior stride width demonstrates that the nicotine rats ambulated with shorter steps, suggesting alteration of gait mechanics. All data are presented as normalized to pre-injury values with mean ± SD. Significant values are indicated by (*).