Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

SDQ Scale	Range	Mean (SD)	Cronbach’s alpha (items) 4– 0 year old version	Cronbach’s alpha (items) 11–17 year old version
Total score	0–31	9.39 (6.48)	.86 (20)	.91 (20)
Emotional symptoms	0–9	1.88 (2.10)	.76 (5)	.80 (5)
Conduct Problems	0–8	1.47 (1.77)	.67 (5)	.82 (5)
Hyperactivity/Impulsivity	0–10	3.90 (2.47)	.75 (5)	.87 (5)
Peer Relationship Problems	0–8	2.15 (1.85)	.59 (5)	.77 (5)
Prosocial Behaviors	0–10	7.45 (2.28)	.78 (5)	.81 (5)

Note. SDQ items ranged from Not True (= 0), Somewhat True (= 1), and Certainly True (= 2). The sum of the items was calculated to generate subscale scores.