Table 3.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM) Full Scale (27 items)

PMUM Items (with original item numbers)	Factor Loading
26. It is hard for my child to stop using screen media. Unsuccessful control.	.85
56. It is increasingly difficult to pull my child away from screen media. Unsuccessful control.	.85
53. It is really difficult to get my child to stop using screen media. Unsuccessful control.	.84
47. Screen media is the only thing that seems to motivate my child. Loss of interest	.83
32. My child is always thinking about using screen media. Preoccupation	.83
23. Screen media is all that my child seems to think about. Preoccupation	.83
57. My child becomes frustrated when he/she cannot use screen media. Withdrawal	.82
58. My child’s screen media use interferes with family activities.	.82
44. My child gets upset when he/she cannot use screen media. Withdrawal	.82
31. There is nothing my child enjoys as much as screen media. Loss of interest	.80
54. My child becomes angry when he/she cannot use screen media. Withdrawal	.79
33. My child’s screen media use causes problems for the family.	.78
34. The amount of time my child wants to use screen media keeps increasing. Tolerance	.76
25. My child attempts to use screen media for increasing amounts of time. Tolerance	.75
52. Problems occur for our family when my child cannot use screen media.	.75
40. My child would find life boring without screen media. Loss of interest	.74
55. Life would be easier if my child was not so attached to screen media.	.74
36. The first thing my child asks to do when he/she comes home from school is to use screen media. preoccupation	.73
24. My child’s screen media use negatively affects his/her friendships.	.73
7. My child uses screen media for increasing amounts of time. Tolerance	.73
6. My child loses sleep due to screen media use.	.72
10. My child sneaks using screen media. deception	.71
19. My child lies about doing chores or school work in order to use screen media. deception	.69
29. When my child has had a bad day, screen media seems to be the only thing that helps him/her feel better. escape/relieve mood	.65
20. My child feels better when he/she uses screen media. Escape/relieve mood.	.64
2. My child uses screen media to feel better. Escape/relieve mood	.62
1. My child lies in order to use screen media. deception	.60
% of Variance	57.78%
Eigenvalue	15.60
Cronbach alpha	.97
M (SD)	2.24 (0.83)

Note. Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization rotation method. The PMUM ranged from 1 = Never to 5 = Always.