Table 4.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM) Short Form (9 items)

PMUM Items (with original item numbers)	Factor Loading
26. It is hard for my child to stop using screen media. (Unsuccessful control)	.86
47. Screen media is the only thing that seems to motivate my child. (Loss of interest)	.85
23. Screen media is all that my child seems to think about. (Preoccupation)	.85
58. My child’s screen media use interferes with family activities. (Psychosocial consequences)	.84
33. My child’s screen media use causes problems for the family. (Serious problems due to use)	.81
57. My child becomes frustrated when he/she cannot use screen media. (Withdrawal)	.81
34. The amount of time my child wants to use screen media keeps increasing. (Tolerance)	.77
10. My child sneaks using screen media. (Deception)	.72
29. When my child has had a bad day, screen media seems to be the only thing that helps him/her feel better. (Escape/relieve mood)	.68
% of Variance	64.24%
Eigenvalue	5.78
Cronbach alpha	.93
M (SD)	2.16 (0.87)

Note. Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization rotation method. The PMUM ranged from 1 = Never to 5 = Always.