Table 3. Distribution of correct answers in the questionnaire about knowledge of healthy eating before and after the intervention, with odds ratio of answering the items correctly after the proposed intervention.
Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil, 2016.
| Questionnaire items (answers) | Intervention group | Control group | Post-intervention between-group comparison | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Before | After | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Healthy eating means following a strict diet (false) | 183 | 71.4 | 175 | 68.3 | 124 | 66.3 | 129 | 68.9 | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.217 |
| Healthy eating means eating various foods moderately (true) | 208 | 81.8 | 233 | 91.7 | 139 | 74.3 | 145 | 77.5 | 1.8 (0.7–4.3) | 0.185 |
| A balanced diet may include sweets (true) | 186 | 75.0 | 203 | 81.8 | 121 | 65.4 | 133 | 71.8 | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0.734 |
| Sandwich cookies contain low fat and high sugar content (false) | 81 | 31.4 | 138 | 53.4 | 60 | 32.9 | 62 | 33.1 | 2.4 (1.3–4.4) | 0.004 |
| Beverages such as juice boxes contain low sugar and high fruit content (false) | 221 | 85.3 | 227 | 87.6 | 150 | 80.6 | 139 | 74.7 | 1.4 (0.7–3.1) | 0.325 |
| In natura foods should be the basis of our diet (true) | 90 | 35.1 | 191 | 74.6 | 59 | 30.5 | 58 | 31.0 | 3.7 (1.9–6.6) | < 0.001 |
| Fruits and vegetables may be options of minimally processed foods (true) | 81 | 31.6 | 173 | 67.5 | 75 | 40.3 | 73 | 39.2 | 3.6 (1.9–6.4) | < 0.001 |
| The ingredients and methods used in food processing make food less healthy (true) | 181 | 70.1 | 194 | 75.1 | 114 | 60.9 | 103 | 55.0 | 2.2 (1.1–4.3) | 0.023 |
| Ultra-processed foods are healthier than minimally processed foods (false) | 131 | 50.7 | 208 | 80.6 | 85 | 45.4 | 81 | 43.3 | 3.5 (1.8–6.6) | < 0.001 |
| We should avoid shopping at farmer’s markets because they have few options of healthy foods (false) | 208 | 81.9 | 221 | 83.0 | 134 | 72.0 | 134 | 72.0 | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | 0.409 |
| Home cooking is a healthy practice because you can use several frozen foods and ready-to-use seasoning mixes (false) | 62 | 24.1 | 69 | 26.8 | 41 | 21.9 | 38 | 20.3 | 1.5 (0.8–3.0) | 0.184 |
| Lack of time, space, and company may influence diet quality (true) | 203 | 79.3 | 200 | 78.1 | 131 | 70.0 | 126 | 67.3 | 2.5 (1.1–5.5) | 0.026 |
| In general, information, instructions, and messages from TV food advertising are reliable and thus we can believe them (false) | 183 | 71.4 | 203 | 79.3 | 118 | 63.1 | 122 | 65.2 | 2.5 (1.2–5.3) | 0.013 |
Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.