Table 3:

Factors associated with Subsequent RA Treatment Failure^* for Patients RA Who Added or Switched Treatments, Conditional on MBDA Score Improvement (n=1,517)

	Adjusted** Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
MBDA score change at time of re-assessment  Most Improvement (>16 units)  Some Improvement (>8–16 units)  Minimal to No Improvement <8 units)	1.0 (referent) 1.50 (1.03 – 2.19) 2.47(1.79 – 3.40)
Age (5 year increments)	0.88 (0.83–0.93)
Female sex (male referent)	1.27 (0.94 – 1.70)
Low income***	0.95 (0.74, 1.24)
Race (Caucasian referent)  Black  Other	0.93 (0.63–1.38) 1.26 (0.98–1.63)
Fibromyalgia	1.33 (1.05, 1.70)
RA medications  TNFi biologic  Non-TNFi biologic  MTX  HCQ/SSZ/LEF  Glucocorticoid	1.49 (1.08 – 2.04) 1.50 (0.87 – 2.56) 0.87 (0.70 – 1.09) 1.03 (0.83 – 1.28) 1.22 (0.99–1.51)

CI: Confidence interval; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine; LEF: leflunomide; MBDA: Multi-biomarker disease activity; MTX: Methotrexate; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; SSZ : Sulfasalazine; TNFi: Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor.

^*proxied by subsequently adding or switching to a new biologic or Janus kinase inhibitor

^**also adjusted for diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, obesity, low income, disabled, inpatient hospitalization, number of ambulatory visits, and Charlson co-morbidity index, none of which were significant

^***reflected by state buy-in for Medicare premiums