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Effect(s) of metformin on ERK, JNK and p38 pathways of AGS cells. The cells were incubated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 mM of metformin for 12 h, and whole-cell lysates were then collected. Cell fractions were individually probed with anti-p-ERK, anti-ERK, anti-p-JNK, anti-JNK, anti-p-p38 and anti-p38 by western blotting analysis. β-Actin was an internal loading control. p-, phospho; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
