Table 1.
Patient characteristics. Demographic and study data are shown for the total population and stratified by rhythm history
| All (n = 117) | Sinus (n = 48) | Any AF (n = 69) | Paroxsymal AF (n = 55) | Persistent AF (n = 14) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||||
| Age | 65.5 ± 11.1 | 62.6 ± 11.6 | 67.51 ± 10.4 | 66.45 ± 10.1 | 71.8 ± 10.5 | 0.02 |
| Sex (m) | 89 | 33 | 56 | 43 | 13 | 0.1 |
| BSA | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 0.48 |
| Sinus rhythm | 41%(48) | na | na | na | na | na |
| Paroxysmal AF | 47%(55) | na | na | na | na | na |
| Persistent AF | 12%(14) | na | na | na | na | na |
| PET parameters | ||||||
| Rest EF | 25.0[18.4–32.2] | 27.5[23.3–32.0] | 24.0[20.0–35.5] | 24.0[18.5–35.0] | 27.0[23.0–35.0] | 0.24 |
| EDVI rest | 117.0[89.5–143.0] | 113.7 ± 39.8 | 122.7 ± 50.2 | 126.2 ± 53.2 | 109.07 ± 34.3 | 0.32 |
| ESVI rest | 82.0[58.0–109.0] | 76.5[57.2–108.3] | 87.0[63.0–109.0] | 88.0[63.0–119.5] | 78[60.5–101.5] | 0.35 |
| SRS | 20.5 ± 8.0 | 21.8 ± 8.3 | 19.0 ± 7.6 | 19.8 ± 7.4 | 16.0 ± 7.5 | 0.07 |
| SSS | 23.5 ± 9.8 | 22.2 ± 10.3 | 23.9 ± 9.9 | 27.0 ± 7.9 | 11.5 ± 7.5 | 0.71 |
| FDG LA volume | 95.8[75.7–118.4] | 90.6[72.5–103.7] | 104.9[82.4–132.7] | 99.8[80.9–117.7] | 126.5[98.5–161.5] | 0.01 |
| FDG LA mean | 2.0[1.6–2.7] | 1.8[1.5–2.5] | 2.3[1.8–2.9] | 2.3[1.7–2.8] | 2.2[1.9–3.0] | <0.01 |
| FDG LA max | 3.8[ 2.7–5.6] | 3.2[2.3–4.3] | 4.4[2.8–6.7] | 4.4[2.7–5.9] | 4.63[3.4–7.9] | <0.01 |
| FDG LA CoV | 0.27[.22–.37] | 0.25[0.20–0.33] | 0.28[0.22–0.40] | 0.28[0.24–0.39] | 0.32[0.22–0.40] | <0.01 |
| Echo parameters | ||||||
| Rest EF | 25[22–33] | 25[20–35] | 27[20–36] | 25.0[20.0–32.5] | 35.0[20.0–36.4] | 0.4 |
| LVd diameter | 56.6[54.0–66.0] | 58.0[52.3–63.8] | 60.0[56.0–67.5] | 60.0[56.0–67.5] | 59.0[55.8–67] | 0.17 |
| LVs diameter | 50.2[44–56.5] | 48.7[41.0–49.0] | 50.0[45.0–56.0] | 50[45.0–56.0] | 48.5[43.3–58.0] | 0.85 |
| LA diameter | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 09 | <0.01 |
| LA volume | 100.7 ± 39.1 | 92.2 ± 38.1 | 106.93 ± 38.87 | 101.7 ± 37.4 | 131.7 ± 37.8 | 0.06 |
| No MR | 26%(30) | 38%(18) | 17%(12) | 18%(10) | 4%(2) | 0.89 |
| Mild MR | 47%(55) | 38%(18) | 54%(37) | 53%(29) | 57%(8) | <0.01 |
| Moderate MR | 20%(23) | 21%(10) | 19%(13) | 20%(11) | 14%(2) | 0.09 |
| Severe MR | 6%(7) | 2%(1) | 8%(6) | 7%(4) | 14%(2) | 0.01 |
| EKG parameters | ||||||
| P axis (degree) | 47.0[33.5–61.5] | 43.0[33.5–58.0] | 52.5[34.0–63.0] | 51.0[38.5–64.0] | − 35.0[− .35.0 to 35.0] | 0.33 |
| PR interval (ms) | 170[156–196] | 173[154–202] | 168[159–192] | 176[156–202] | 142[142–142] | 0.75 |
| P wave duration (ms) | 110.9 ± 19.28 | 107.0 ± 16.1 | 116.8 ± 22.4 | 117.3 ± 22.6 | 104 ± 0 | 0.04 |
| P wave deflection Max (mv) | 112[78–146] | 115[78–141] | 107[78–156] | 112[87–154] | − 112[− 112 to 112] | 0.92 |
| P wave terminal force (μVms) | 4200[3005–6378] | 4182[3143–5635] | 4242[2634–7988] | 4226[2695–6667] | 8364[8364–8364] | 0.5 |
P values represent comparisons between patients with sinus rhythm and a history of atrial fibrillation BSA, Body surface area; AF, atrial fibrillation; EF, ejection fraction; EDVI, end diastolic volume index; EDVS, end systolic volume index; SRS, summed rest score; SSS, summed stress score; FDG, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose; LA, left atrium; EKG, electrocardiogram; CoV, coefficient of variation; MR, mitral regurgitation; LVd, left ventricular diastolic; LVs, left ventricular systolic; AF, atrial fibrillation; PET, positron emission tomography; ms, miliseconds; lV, microvolts