Fig. 2.

a) White matter injury probabilistic map (left), and resting-state networks, group analysis for neonates with (middle) and without (right) white-matter injury (WMI) displayed on the study-specific template MRI in identical locations on axial slices. For the neonates with WMI (left) the probabilistic map describing the spatial extent and location of injury in 13 neonates is overlaid on the template MRI with the resting-state networks acquired within the first weeks of life. Warmer colours (purple) represent a higher overlap of WMI pooled across participants occurring in the same voxels in the template MRI. For display purposes, WMI volume data were smoothed using a blurring kernel of 2 mm full width half maximum.

Probabilistic independent components analysis detected sensorimotor, parietal and visual networks in the neonates with and without WMI. Similarly, a resting-state network was identified in the thalamus in both groups. However, neonates without WMI injury displayed reduced complexity in the resting-state networks compared to the no WMI group.

b) Neonates with greater volume of WMI show decreased thalamocortical connectivity strength. Correlation coefficients representing the strength of the connectivity between parietal and thalamic resting-state networks (RSNs) regressed against WMI volume extracted from the left posterior thalamic radiations using a general linear model (β = −0.01; p = .005), adjusting for PMA at scan and TCV.

c) Greater WMI volume in the corpus callosum was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) values extracted from the same region using the JHU-neonatal atlas (β = −0.004; p = .015).