Table 2.
Summary of 11 patients with complications of implant removal in ankle fractures.
| No. | Age | Sex | Complication | Indication | Outcome | Comorbidity | Habit | Fracture type | No. of skin incision | Operative time (min) | Period from initial surgery to implant removal (months) | Surgeon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | F | Arterial injury | Request | Improved | – | SM | 43C | 2 | 251 | 15 | N-S |
| 2 | 70 | F | Nerve injury | Request | Improved | HT | – | 43A | 2 | 68 | 15 | N-S |
| 3 | 46 | M | Nerve injury | Request | Residual dysesthesia | – | – | 44B | 2 | 66 | 16 | N-S |
| 4 | 43 | M | Nerve injury | Request | Residual dysesthesia | – | – | 44C | 1 | 54 | 13 | N-S |
| 5 | 33 | M | Skin necrosis | Request | Improved | – | – | 43A | 1 | 126 | 18 | N-S |
| 6 | 46 | M | Skin necrosis | Symptom | Improved | HT PV OB | AL | 44B | 2 | 69 | 15 | N-S |
| 7 | 37 | F | Blistering | Symptom | Improved | – | – | 43C | 2 | 185 | 11 | N-S |
| 8 | 38 | F | Blistering | Request | Improved | – | SM | 43B | 2 | 137 | 13 | S |
| 9 | 78 | F | Blistering | Symptom | Improved | HT PV DM | – | 44B | 2 | 65 | 21 | N-S |
| 10 | 49 | M | Infection | Request | Improved | – | AL SM | 44B | 1 | 38 | 12 | N-S |
| 11 | 20 | M | Infection | Symptom | Improved | – | – | 44B | 1 | 67 | 13 | N-S |
Request, Patient's request; Symptom, Implant-related symptom; HT, Hypertension; PV, Peripheral vascular disease; OB, Obesity; DM, Diabetes; AL, Alcohol; SM, Smoking, N-S, Non-specialist; S, Specialist.