Table 2.
Altered metabolites with an average VIP score greater than 1.0 from the PLS-DA comparing manifest HD patients (HD) with controls (C).
| Metabolite | HMDB | VIP mean(95% CI) | log2 FC HD-C | p-value | FDR | Validation level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lumichrome | — | 2.56(2.47, 2.64) | −1.02 | 6.3 × 10 −3 | 0.047 | 2 |
| Xanthine* | HMDB00292 | 2.33(2.28, 2.38) | 0.28 | 3.9 × 10 −3 | 0.047 | 2 |
| O-succinyl-homoserine* | YMDB00917 | 1.94(1.83, 2.05) | −0.38 | 0.043 | 0.101 | 1 |
| N-acetylproline* | — | 1.90(1.81, 1.99) | 0.25 | 6.0 × 10 −3 | 0.047 | 1 |
| Phenylacetate | HMDB00209 | 1.81(1.72, 1.90) | 0.20 | 0.030 | 0.100 | 2 |
| Isoleucine | HMDB00172 | 1.81(1.72, 1.89) | −0.51 | 7.8 × 10 −3 | 0.047 | 2 |
| L-DOPA | HMDB00181 | 1.77(1.69, 1.86) | −0.34 | 0.015 | 0.070 | 1 |
| Leucine | HMDB00687 | 1.76(1.66, 1.86) | −0.23 | 0.033 | 0.100 | 2 |
| Corticosterone | HMDB01547 | 1.52(1.40, 1.64) | −0.70 | 0.066 | 0.101 | 1 |
| Ophthalmate | HMDB05765 | 1.44(1.35, 1.53) | −0.34 | 0.065 | 0.101 | 1 |
| Salicylate | HMDB01895 | 1.42(1.33, 1.51) | −0.46 | 0.031 | 0.100 | 1 |
| Phenylalanine | HMDB00159 | 1.42(1.31, 1.52) | −0.12 | 0.087 | 0.116 | 2 |
| Deoxyuridine | HMDB00012 | 1.36(1.27, 1.46) | −0.20 | 0.075 | 0.106 | 1 |
| Valine | HMDB00883 | 1.33(1.24, 1.43) | −0.16 | 0.059 | 0.101 | 2 |
| Creatinine | HMDB00562 | 1.33(1.23, 1.42) | 0.16 | 0.053 | 0.101 | 2 |
| Inosine | HMDB00195 | 1.32(1.22, 1.43) | 0.14 | 0.147 | 0.160 | 2 |
| Cyclic AMP | HMDB00058 | 1.31(1.19, 1.42) | 0.21 | 0.106 | 0.127 | 1 |
| Hypoxanthine | HMDB00157 | 1.29(1.23, 1.36) | 0.20 | 0.059 | 0.101 | 2 |
| Glutarylcarnitine* | HMDB13130 | 1.24(1.16, 1.33) | −0.24 | 0.114 | 0.130 | 2 |
| Phosphocreatine | HMDB01511 | 1.16(1.08, 1.25) | 0.27 | 0.067 | 0.101 | 1 |
| Aldosterone/Cortisone | —/HMDB02802 | 1.13(1.07, 1.19) | −0.36 | 0.044 | 0.101 | 1 |
| Tyrosine* | HMDB00158 | 1.13(1.04, 1.21) | −0.11 | 0.095 | 0.120 | 2 |
| 5-methylcytosine* | HMDB02894 | 1.11(1.01, 1.22) | 0.11 | 0.163 | 0.170 | 1 |
| 1-methyladenosine | HMDB03331 | 1.02(0.91, 1.13) | −0.45 | 0.198 | 0.198 | 1 |
A positive log2 fold change (FC) HD-C indicates an increase in manifest HD patients compared with controls and vice versa. p-values < 0.05 and FDR values < 0.1 have been bolded. *Metabolites with a demonstrated age dependence that have been corrected. Identities confirmed by m/z and elution time of the internal standards and by MS/MS fragmentation pattern (validation level 2). Identities confirmed by m/z and elution time of the internal standards (validation level 1).