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. 2019 Mar 11;9:4054. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40930-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic to depict the effect of MBE02 rhizobacteria on peanut under stressed conditions. (a) Aspergillus species and other fungal pathogens are present naturally in the soil where they remain in a direct contact with peanut, specially the roots and pods and cause significant reduction in its growth and yield. (b) Presence of MBE02 in the soil triggers host defense mechanisms that provides fitness advantage to peanut against fungal infection: (1) MBE02 alters hormonal signaling to stimulate the peanut growth and (2) trigger ISR to enhance plant immunity. (3) Additionally, being in the rhizophere, MBE02 may directly interact with pathogenic fungi trying to colonize the pods and roots, and restricts their growth by disrupting their metabolism and ability to cause pathogenicity, and in turn, confers resistance to peanut.