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. 2019 Mar 11;9:4054. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40930-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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MBE02 alters growth and pathogenicity of Aspergillus species. Plate assays show inhibitory effect of MBE02 on A. niger (a) and A. flavus (b). Spore suspension of fungi (10⁶ spores/ml) were spreaded throughout the plate and inoculated with 5 µl of MBE02 (O.D. 0.6) followed by incubation at 25 ± 2 °C. The zone of inhibition was recorded for A. niger after 72 h of incubation. Representative pictures are shown here and experiment was replicated with similar results. (c,d) Time course analysis of fungal growth in presence of MBE02. A. niger and A. flavus were grown in DYGS medium and after 12 h, 1 µl of MBE02 (O.D. 0.6) was added. The fungal mycelia were harvested at the indicated time points after bacteria inoculations and weighed. Data are means ± SE (n = 3) and combined from three independent experiments. (e) Gene expression analysis of Ppo genes in A. flavus after treatment with MBE02. Data are means ± SE (n = 3-4). Asterisk (*) shows significant statistical difference calculated by t test (p < 0.05).