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. 2019 Mar 11;9:4110. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40886-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phenotypic characterization of Neo1-depleted Caco-2 epithelial islands. (a) Immunostaining of control and Neo1-siRNA treated Caco-2 epithelial islands with alpha-tubulin (green). A proportion of cells around the periphery of islands exhibited a spread, migratory morphology in which microtubule arrays were oriented away from the island. These were categorized as “mesenchymal” (m). Loss of Neo1 resulted in a higher proportion of mesenchymal cells and decreased microtubule density. (b) Quantification of the proportion of mesenchymal cells per island, p-value = 0.0004. (c) Quantification of mean MT density in control and Neo1-depleted cells (see Materials and Methods for details), p-value = 0.003. (d) Kymograph analysis of Neo1-knockdown Caco-2 cells revealed an increase in the angle of movement of internal cellular features, p-value = 0.001.