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. 2019 Mar 11;9:4073. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40626-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Andrographolide inhibits neo-angiogenesis in tumor site. (A) Isogenic mouse breast tumor (4T1 cells) were implanted in the mammary pad of BALB/c mice. Various doses of andrographolide reduced the blood vessel formation, tumor size (left) (ii) Tumor volume in 4T1 implanted mice were measured and plotted graphically (right). (B) Immunohistological images showing the expression level of CD31-positive cells in the mice breast tumor tissue. Area of tumor section expressing CD31 was analyzed using Image-J software, represented graphically. (C) Andrographolide inhibits tumor size and tumor volume in multi-drug resistant S-180-implanted tumor in Swiss albino mice (left and middle). Arrow-head showing the new blood vessel in tumor site (middle). Tumor volume in S-180-implanted mice were measured and plotted graphically (right). (D) The expression level of CD31-positive cells in andrographolide-treated S-180-implanted tumor. Area of tumor section expressing CD31 was analyzed using Image-J software and represented graphically. (E) Kidney and liver sections (4T1-injected mice) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Values are mean ±SEM of five independent experiments in each case or representative of a typical experiment.