Fig. 3.

S1PR3 facilitates OS proliferation in vivo and promotes the aerobic glycolysis in OS cells. a. Morphologic characteristics of xenograft tumors from MNNG-HOS/sh-Control group and MNNG-HOS/sh-S1PR3 group (n = 5). Scale bars = 1 cm. b. The tumor volumes were measured with calipers every 5 days. Values are means ± SD, *p < .05 (Student's t-test). c. Tumor weights in 20 day were measured in each group. The median, upper and lower quartiles were plotted, and the whiskers that extend from each box indicate the range values that were outside of the intra-quartile range. n = 5, **p < .01 (Student's t-test). d. Tumor volumes in 20 day were measured in each group. The median, upper and lower quartiles were plotted, and the whiskers that extend from each box indicate the range values that were outside of the intra-quartile range. n = 5, *p < .05 (Student's t-test). e. Representative images of Ki67 and TUNEL staining in xenograft tumors from sh-S1PR3 and sh-Control mice. A TUNEL positive cell is indicated (arrow). f. Representative GO (GO: biological process) categories affected by S1PR3 knock-down in MNNG-HOS cells. g. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using hallmark gene sets was performed to compare the MNNG-HOS sh-NC group and sh-S1PR3 group. NES, normalized enrichment score. h and i. Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and O₂ consumption rate (OCR) of MNNG-HOS and U-2OS cells in sh-Control and sh-S1PR3 group was detected. O: Oligomycin, F: FCCP, A&R: antimycin A/rotenone, Glc: glucose, Oligo: oligomycin, 2-DG: 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Values are means ± SD.