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. 2019 Jan 26;40:504–516. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.050

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

The TUNEL positive cells are increased and apoptosis is promoted via atypical PARP after combination treatment of ASC-J9® and IR in PCa cells. (a-b) TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased in the ASC-J9® (J9) + IR treated C4-2 (a) and CWR22Rv-1 (b) cells. (c) Fewer TUNEL-positive cells were shown in IR + J9 treated SV-HUC cells. (d–e) Western blot shows cleaved PARP-1 increases in C4-2 (d) and CWR22Rv-1 (e) cells. (f) The cleaved PARP-1 does not show expression in IR + J9 treated SV-HUC cells. (g–h) Transducing C4–2 (g) cells with scr or shAR, then applying IR, can enhance atypical PARP-1 cleavage and can suppress pATR (h). (i–j) Treating with ASC-J9® can suppress IR induced pATR-CHK1 activation in C4–2 (i) and CWR22Rv1 (j) cells. (k) Treating cells with ASC-J9® for 16 h, then irradiating cells, can result in G2M phase arrest bypass (left) in C4–2 cells (quantitation at right). (l–m) ASC-J9® treatment could suppress IR-induced ATR phosphorylation, but not treatment with antiandrogen CAD or Enz in C4–2 (l) and CWR22Rv1 (m) cells compared to DMSO (DM) treatment group. (n-o) ASC-J9®, but not CAD or Enz treatment, could trigger IR-induced apoptosis in C4–2 (n) and CWR22Rv1 (m) cells. For A-C, data are presented as Mean ± SEM, *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001, n.s = not significant.